tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12319942288521590962023-11-16T02:44:44.445-08:00ASKEB II ( Persalinan ) Dian Husada MeviaMeviZiA 4Everhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03407554623186997634noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1231994228852159096.post-74679854524400422832012-06-06T19:13:00.000-07:002012-06-06T19:13:39.892-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
Askeb 2 (persalinan) : Faktor yang mempengaruhi persalinan
</h3>
<div class="post-header">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pengertian persalinan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Persalinan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>adalah
rangkaian proses yang berakhir dengan pengeluaran hasil konsepsi oleh
ibu. Proses ini dimulai dengan kontraksi persalinan sejati, yang
ditandai oleh perubahan progresif pada serviks, dan diakhiri dengan
pelahiran plasenta. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Persalinan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Passage</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">(Jalan</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Lahir)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Power (his dan mengejan).</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Passengger</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> (penumpang).</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Passage </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Passage
adalah jalan lahir dari panggul ibu, yakni bagian tulang padat, dasar
panggul, vagina, dan introitus (lubang luar vagina). Meskipun jaringan
lunak, khususnya lapisan-lapisan otot dasar panggul ikut menunjang
keluarnya bayi, tetapi panggul ibu jauh lebih berperan dalam proses
persalinan. Janin harus berhasil menyusuaikan dirinya terhadap jalan
lahir yang relative kaku.oleh karena itu ukuran dan bentu panggul harus
ditentukan sebelum persalinan dimulai.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Anatomi jalan lahir terdiri atas :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian keras tulang – tu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">lang panggul ( rangka panggul )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pelvis terdiri dari empat bagian : dua tulang inominata, sacrum, dan koksigis. Setiap tulang inominata memiliki</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">tiga bagian : pubis, iskium, dan ilium. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Tulang
ileum adala bagian posterior dan bagian atas tulang inominata. Kedua
ilia membentuk pelvis palsu , bersama, dengan sacrum menjadi pananda
tulang yang penting dari insisura sakroiliaka.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">
Iskium adalah bagian medial dan bawah tuber iskiadikum, dan dinding
sisi pelvis. Pubis adalah bagian anterior tulang inominata. Dua tulang
pubis saling bergabung satu sama lain di bagian depan <i>simfisis pubis</i> dan sudut-sudut inferior dari ramus desenden membentuk penanda tulang yang penting arkus pubis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sakrum dan koksigis membentuk bagian posterior pelvis. <i>Sakrum </i>dibentuk dari penyatuan lima vertebra sakral, termasuk penanda tulang yang penting pada <i>promontorium</i> <i>sakrum</i>, dan menggabungkan koksigis pada <i>simfisis sakrokoksigea. Os koksigis </i>dibentuk
dari penyatuan empat (kadang tiga atau lima) vertebra rudimenter,
biasanya dapat digerakkan, dan os koksigis merupakan penanda tulang yang
penting.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmMc-rZW6I89bqIW6JHJ3jy_OO9KsrTG_e_eAugSc7VKY9tBrL8n-cfjOysYbkRtCGZZtYg1_pL0jE8-jnawmFx_i6GJ-H7frFO-4i0tMwi6WjA37immBf6GF93MgewmpQCdwQZxEQa29h/s1600/httpwww.google.co.idimglandingq%253Dtulang%252Bpanggul%252Bwanita%2526hl%253Did%2526gbv%253D2%2526tbs%253Disch1%2526tbnid%253DDblIuJqCZ6K5IM%2526imgrefurl%253Dhttpbidan-gaul.blogspot.com2010_09_01_archive.html%2526imgurl%253Dhttp1.bp.blogspot.com_-4vj2XBlqZcTJC1E9BTt-IAAAAAAAAACQ2t_6oZ4FmTAs320panggul3.j.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmMc-rZW6I89bqIW6JHJ3jy_OO9KsrTG_e_eAugSc7VKY9tBrL8n-cfjOysYbkRtCGZZtYg1_pL0jE8-jnawmFx_i6GJ-H7frFO-4i0tMwi6WjA37immBf6GF93MgewmpQCdwQZxEQa29h/s1600/httpwww.google.co.idimglandingq%253Dtulang%252Bpanggul%252Bwanita%2526hl%253Did%2526gbv%253D2%2526tbs%253Disch1%2526tbnid%253DDblIuJqCZ6K5IM%2526imgrefurl%253Dhttpbidan-gaul.blogspot.com2010_09_01_archive.html%2526imgurl%253Dhttp1.bp.blogspot.com_-4vj2XBlqZcTJC1E9BTt-IAAAAAAAAACQ2t_6oZ4FmTAs320panggul3.j.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Simfisis
sakrokoksigea, simfisis pubis, dan dua sinkrondois sakroiliaka
(artikulasi sakroiliaka) merupakan sendi-sendi amfiartrodial, yang
terdiri dari jaringan tulang rawan (kartilago) dan ligamen yang
menggabungkan tulang-tulang pelvis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pelvis dibagi oleh linea terminalis menjadi beberapa :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">pelvis
mayor diatas dermakasi ini dan pelvis minor dibawahnya. Pelvis mayor
(palsu) adalah bagian diatas pintu atas panggul dan tidak berkaitan
dengan persalinan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pelvis
minor (sejati) membentuk jalur tulang yang dilalui janin untuk
dilahirkan pervagina. Oleh karena itu, kontruksi, bidang, dan
diameternya merupakan unsur-unsur obstetrik yang paling penting.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pelvis minor mempunyai<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lima batasan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 63.0pt 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian superior : promontorium sakrum, linea terminalis, batas atas tulang pubis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 63.0pt 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian inferior : batas inferior tuber iskiadikum dan ujung koksigis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 63.0pt 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian posterior : permukaan anterior sakrum dan koksigis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 63.0pt 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian lateral : insisura sakroiliaka dan ligamen serta permukaan dalam tulang iskium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 63.0pt 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian
anterior : foramen obturatum dan permukaan posterior simfisis pubis,
tulang-tulang pubis, dan ramus asenden tulang-tulang iskium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pelvis
minor (sejati) memiliki tiga bidang yang secara obstetrik bermakna :
pintu atas panggul, pintu tengah panggul, dan pintu bawah panggul. Untuk
masing-masing bidang ada enam diameter secara teoretis. Namun, tidak
semua diameter digunakan dalam pengukuran atau mendiskusikan
masing-masing bidang atau dalam pembahasan mengenai tipe pelvis. Bidang
sagital (anterior dan posterior) mengukur jarak dari titik tengah
diameter transversa ke titik-titik yang digunakan untuk mengukur
diameter anteroposterior.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pintu Atas Panggul</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">PAP
adalah batas dari pinggul kecil, bentuknya bulat oval. Batas-batasnya :
promotorium, sayap sacrum, linea innominata, ramus superior ossis pubis
dan pinggir atas symphisis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Biasanya 3 ukuran ditentukan dari PAP :</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ukuran
muka belakang diameter anterior posterior – konjugata vera panjangnya
11 cm dari promotorium ke pinggir atas sympisis conyugata obstetrika
antara promotorium dengan tonjolan sympisis sedikit dibawah pinggir atas
sympisis ini sangat penting. Pada wanita hidup conyugatavera tidak
dapat diukur langsung tapi dapat diperhitungkan dari konjugata
diagonalis dari promotorium ke pinggir bawah sympisis CV = CD – (1,5 cm –
2 cm).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ukuran melintang yaitu jarak antara linea terminalis (diameter tranversal) adalah uk</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">u</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">ran terbesar antara linea innominata di ambil tegak lurus pada conjung</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">a</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> vera (12,5 – 13 cm).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ukuran
serong (diameter obliqua) dari articulatio sacro iliaca ke tuberculum
pumicum dari belahan panggul yang bertentangan (12,5 – 13 cm)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC4y3D3maBMVvZKSpIIFSy4Y-2bHSIymjDFVZayftm4MZZPsKsH_BEE9kp7X0p6P1daUrL9Xa7VmAA3aSQ2_a0Quq1cZiLkA1cJDPm5HfpYhN0t3TWhEcNDatkEXhJVE5Z5vBaAKKLbFGz/s1600/images.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC4y3D3maBMVvZKSpIIFSy4Y-2bHSIymjDFVZayftm4MZZPsKsH_BEE9kp7X0p6P1daUrL9Xa7VmAA3aSQ2_a0Quq1cZiLkA1cJDPm5HfpYhN0t3TWhEcNDatkEXhJVE5Z5vBaAKKLbFGz/s320/images.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Gambar pintu atas panggul</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">Pintu
atas panggul (pintu superior) pintu masuk atas ke pelvis minor.
Batasan-batasan pintu dibagian posterior adalah promontorium sakrum,
linea terminalis dibagian lateral, dan bagian atas dengan simfisis pubis
dan ramus horizontal tulang pubis dibagian anterior.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">Ada tiga diameter<i> anteroposterior </i>pintu atas panggul :</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">K</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">onjugata vera :</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">
konjugata asli pintu atas panggul, membentang dari bagian tengah
promontorium sakrum hingga pertengahan batas atas simfisis pubis,;
ukuran normal konjugata vera adalah 11 cm atau lebih.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Konjugata obstetrik pintu atas panggul :</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">
membentang dari bagian tengah promontorium sakrum hingga bagian tengah
simfisis pubis pada permukaan dalamnya berjarak beberapa milimeter
dibawah batas atas. Ukuran minimum diameter ini sebelum pelvis dianggap
berkontraksi adalah 10 cm . diameter ini adalah diameter
antero-posterior terpendek karena simfisis pubis sedikit lebih tebal
pada titik ini dibandingkan batas diatas atau dibawahnya.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Diagonal konjugata pintu atas panggul :</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">
terbentang dari bagian tengah promontorium sakrum hingga kebagian
tengah tepi inferior (bagian bawah) simfisis pubis. Konjugata diagonal
merupakan satu-satunya diameter pintu atas panggul yang dapat diukur
secara klinis. Ukuran </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">klinis yang normal minimal 11.5 cm.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTJhlgKH2L5fSGDdVqR2v5iODF9kZ681qEFV1vkp-NH8n8-t54-jQD1DmCyJKddSDFlvR5RMwOiMhhkMgYlMwEhLcTjRYtssGfiMWpLCk44jhLhgAvYscnlG4CzLR8_EQdWb47GtoEY0mj/s1600/gambar-pap.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTJhlgKH2L5fSGDdVqR2v5iODF9kZ681qEFV1vkp-NH8n8-t54-jQD1DmCyJKddSDFlvR5RMwOiMhhkMgYlMwEhLcTjRYtssGfiMWpLCk44jhLhgAvYscnlG4CzLR8_EQdWb47GtoEY0mj/s1600/gambar-pap.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Gambar ruang panggul</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Diameter
oblik pintu atas panggul mengukur jarak antara sinkondrosis sakroiliaka
pada satu sisi pelvis dan eminensia iliopektinea pada sisi pelvis yang
berlawanan. Sinkondrosis sakroiliaka pada pelvis kiri atau kanan
menentukan apakah diameter tersebut adalah diameter oblik kanan atau
diameter oblik kiri.sebagai contoh, jika diameter membentangdari
sinkondrosis sakroiliaka kanan sampai eminensia iliopektinea, merupakan
diameter oblik kanan. Diameter oblik kanan memiliki ukuran rata-rata
masing-masing sedikit kurang dari 13 (12,75).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bidang
tengah pelvis adalah bidang dengan dimensi terkecil. Diameter
transversa mengukur jarak antara spina iskiadikum. Disebut doiameter
interspinosa, biasanya berukuran sekitar 10 cm. Ukuran ini penting,
karena merupakan diameter terkecil pelvis yang harus di lalui janin
untuk mengakomodasi dirinya. Apabila spina isdiadikum menonjol atau
tajam atau dinding-dinding bagian sisinya saling berkumpul (konvergen)
sehingga spina iskiadikum menonjol sampai melewati ruang rongga pelvis,
interspionsa tidak bisa diukur dan adekuatan pelvis untuk kelahiran per
vagina bayi dengan ukuran rata-rata sangat dipertanyakan. Pengerutan
bidang-pertengahan sangat sering diasosiasikan dengan pintu atas panggul
berkontraksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Diameter
anteroposterior membentang dari pertengahan batas inferior simfisis
pubis melalui bagian tengah diameter transversa sampai ke titik pada
sakrum yang ditunjuk oleh sudut ini. Diameter ini normalnya berukuran
minimum 11,5 cm. Diameter sagitalis posterior pada bidang-tengah
biasanya 4,5 cm (minimal).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pengukuran
diameter bidang-tengah tidak mungkin di lakukan. Namun, keadekuatannya
dapat di perkirakan dengan memerhatikan apakah spina iskiadikum menonjol
atau melebihi batas bukan tumpul, dinding-dinding sisinya konvergen
bukan lurus, sakrum datar atau dangkal bukan dalam, dan pintu atas
panggul berkontraksi (mengerut) bukan pengukuran dalam batas normal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 72.0pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pintu bawah panggul</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt 90.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pintu
bawah panggul bukan satu bidang tetapi terdiri dari dua segitiga dengan
dasar yang sama ialah garis yang menghubungkan kedua tuber ischiadikum
kiri kanan. Segitiga depan dasarnya tuber ossis ischiadica dengan
dibatasi arcus pubis. Segitiga belakang adalah ujung os sacrum, sisinya
adalah ligamentum sacro tuberosum kiri kanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 85.5pt 90.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada pintu bawah panggul ditentukan ada 3 ukuran :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 108.0pt 508.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ukuran muka belakang dari pinggir bawah sympisis menuju ujung tulang kelangkang (ujung sacrum) 11,5 cm.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 108.0pt 508.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ukuran melintang ukuran antara tulang ischidicum kiri kanan sebelah dalam 10 cm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 108.0pt 508.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Arcus
pubis membentuk sudut 900 lebih, pada laki-laki kurang dari 800
Inklinasi Pelvis (Miring panggul) adalah sudut yang dibentuk dengan
horizon bila wanita berdiri tegak dengan inlet 55-600</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 21.3pt 35.45pt 63.8pt 90.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Diameter
sagitalis posterior ujung tulang kelangkang (os sacrum) ke pertengahan
ukuran melintang 7, 5 cm. Inclinatio pelvis yang dimaksud yaitu miring
panggul. Sudut antara PAP dengan bidang sejajar tanah, pada wanita yang
berdiri sudut ini 55 derajat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sumbu panggul<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jika
di hubungkan titik tengah bidang di dalam panggul maka akan mendapatkan
sebuah garis yang lurus sebelah atas sampai pada satu titik sedikit di
atas spina ischiadika kemudian melengkung ke depan di daerah PBP
perbedaan panjang 4,5 cm bagian depan dan 12,5 cm bagian belakang,
disamping itu terdapat perubahan ukuran PAP yang lebih panjang ke
samping dan PBP dengan ukuran muka belakang lebih panjang, situasi
demikian seolah-olah terjadi perputaran 90 derajat dari PAP menjadi PBP.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0dtr8JHbpQmjojk_qnmjCvuqbqc7YXV6OrcADQmSk6EcPASZ18rpXwr1RTRnydRSBUGQeJl7s1-ZAS82f-NDkHZqfPvKmzQuYovkU_YeVZCbgE13_G1Qc-WEZUQGCkyWeQ7pBshupck54/s1600/images+%25281%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0dtr8JHbpQmjojk_qnmjCvuqbqc7YXV6OrcADQmSk6EcPASZ18rpXwr1RTRnydRSBUGQeJl7s1-ZAS82f-NDkHZqfPvKmzQuYovkU_YeVZCbgE13_G1Qc-WEZUQGCkyWeQ7pBshupck54/s200/images+%25281%2529.jpg" width="196" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Gambar pintu bawah panggul</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: center;">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bidang hodge</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bidang-bidang
hodge ini dipelajari untuk menentukan sampai dimanakah bagian terrendah
janin turun dalam panggul dalam persalinan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bidang
hodge 1 : ialah bidang datar yang melalui bagian atas simfisi dan
promotorium. Bidang ini dibentuk pada lingkaran pintu atas panggul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bidang hodge 2 : ialah bidang yang sejajar dengan bidang hodge 1 terletak setinggi bagian bawah simfisis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bidang
hodge 3 : ialah bidang yang sejajar dengan bidang hodge 1 dan 2
terletak setinggi spina iskiadika kanan dan kiri. Pada rujukan lain,
bidang hodge 3 ini disebut juga bidang O. Kepala yang berada diatas 1 cm
disebut (-1) atau sebaliknya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bidang hodge 4 : ialah bidang yang sejajar dengan bidang hodge 1, 2 dan 3 terletak setinggi os koksigis.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit4Rp1GetLszGE6ywrsvM9qrFPQk5ewy7vrvGpfcXsNhi3vhUoey9kOT2R5NSiN5u01wx1n2bkzY9bGv5Eei5sCnc_qLxkAQkIWtpN68KfmHwTBPdrVdr9qRbFq65WMBxadq9Xt-QflJC6/s1600/images+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="121" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit4Rp1GetLszGE6ywrsvM9qrFPQk5ewy7vrvGpfcXsNhi3vhUoey9kOT2R5NSiN5u01wx1n2bkzY9bGv5Eei5sCnc_qLxkAQkIWtpN68KfmHwTBPdrVdr9qRbFq65WMBxadq9Xt-QflJC6/s200/images+%25282%2529.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bidang hodge</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Stasiun</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span>Stasiun
adalah hubungan antara bagian presentasi janin dengan garis imajiner
(bayangan) yang di tarik dari spina iskiadika ibu. Stasiun dinyatakan
dalam sentimeter, yakni di atas atau dibawah spina. Contohnya, jika
bagian presentasi berada 1 cm diatas spina, maka stasiun bagian
presentasi tersebut adalah -1. Apabila bagian presentasi setinggi spina,
maka stasiunnya adalh 0.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Akan
tetapi, jika bagian presentasi 1 cm dibawah spina, maka stasiunnya
adalh +1. Kelahiran akan segera berlangsung jika bagian presentasi
adalah +4 sampai +5. Untuk mendapatkan dokumentasi laju penurunan janin
yang akurat selama persalinan, maka stasiun bagian presentasi tersebut
harus ditentukan saat persalinan dimulai.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ukuran-ukuran panggul</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ukuran-ukuran
luar panggul ini dapat digunakan bila peilvimetri radiologic tidak
dapat di lakukan.Dengan cara ini dapat di tentukan secara garis besar
jenis, bentuk, dan ukuran-ukuran panggul apabila di kombinasikan dengan
pemeriksaan dalam. Alat-alat yang di pakai antara lain jangka-jangka
panggul Martin, Oseander, Collin, dan Boudeloque</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Yang diukur sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Distansia spinarum (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">24 cm-26 cm) : jarak antara kedua spina iliaka anterior superior sinistra dan dekstra.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Distansia
kristarum (± 28 cm-30 cm) : jarak yang terpanjang antara dua tempat
yang simetris pada krista iliaka sinistra dan dekstra. Umumnya
ukuran-ukuran ini tidak penting, tetapi bila ukuran ini lebih kecil 2-3
cm dari nilai normal, dapat di curigai panggul itu patologik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Distansia
oblikua eksterna (ukuran miring luar) : jarak antara spina iliaka
posterior sinistra dan spina iliaka anterior superior dekstra dan dari
spina iliaka posterior dekstra ke spina iliaka anterior
superiorsinistra. Kedua ukuran ini bersilangan. Jika panggul normal,
maka kedua ukuran ini tidak banyak berbeda akan tetapi jika panggul itu
asimetik (miring), kedua ukuran jelas berbeda sekali.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Distansia intertrokanterika : jarak antara kedua trokanter mayor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Konjugata eksterna (boudeloque) ± 18 cm : jarak antara bagian atas simfisis ke prosesus spinosus lumbal 5.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Distansia tuberum (± 10,5 cm) : jarak antara tuber iskii kana dan kir</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">i.</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 103.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Jenis pelvis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Jenis
ginekoid :panggul paling baik untuk perempuan. Bentuk pintu atas
panggul hampir bulat. Panjang diameter antero-posterior kira-kira sama
dengan diameter trasversa. Jenis ini ditemukan pada 45 % perempuan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jenis
anderoid : bentuk pintu atas panggul hampitr segi tiga. Umumnya pria
mempunyai jenis seperti ini. Panjang diameter anteroposterior hampir
sama dengan diameter transversa, akan tetapi yang terakhir ini jauh
lebih mendekati sakrum.dengan demikian, bagian belakangnya pendek dan
gepeng, sedangkan bagian depannya menyempit ke depan. Jenis ini
ditemukan pada 15 % perempuan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Jenis
antropoid : bentuk pintu atas panggul agak lonjong, seperti telur.
Panjang diameter antero-posterior lebih besar dari pada diameter
transversa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jenis ini ditemukan pada 35% perempuan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jenis
platipelloid : sebenarnya jenis ini adalah jenis ginekoid yang
menyempit pada arah muka belakang. Ukuran melintang jauh lebih besar
daripada ulkuran muka belakang. Jenis ini di temukan pada 5 % perempuan.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizAULLN-yIEVUF2MIlQskQ3GgRuXWZ_KnIAG1Z3jiWGtZ1LLRnjL8QR2bZ-ffLkCGDq_RuRHciNzf3rOUxDaCKa3U80MfA315ZbbGVp_jCn0C5GgrLjIbsqlWByUGkKDHpHHg84bS97Cf1/s1600/images+%25283%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="98" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizAULLN-yIEVUF2MIlQskQ3GgRuXWZ_KnIAG1Z3jiWGtZ1LLRnjL8QR2bZ-ffLkCGDq_RuRHciNzf3rOUxDaCKa3U80MfA315ZbbGVp_jCn0C5GgrLjIbsqlWByUGkKDHpHHg84bS97Cf1/s200/images+%25283%2529.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar jenis-jenis panggul</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian lunak jalan lahir</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian
ini tersusun atas segmen bawah uterus, serviks uteri, vagina, muskulus
dan ligamentum yang menyelubungi dinding dalam dan bawah panggul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Permukaan belakang panggul dihubungkan oleh jaringan ikat antara</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>os sakrum dan ilium dinamakan ligamentum sacro iliaka posterior, bagian depan dinamakan ligamentum sacro iliaca anterior.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ligamentum yang menghubungkan os sacrum dan spina ischium dinamakan ligamentum sacro spinosum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ligamentum antara os sacrum dan os tuber ischiadikum dinamakan ligamentum sacro tuberosum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada bagian bawah sebagian dasr panggul. Dasr panggul/diagfragma pelvis terdiri dari bagian otot di sebut muskulus levator ani.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bagian membran disebut diafragma urogenital</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Muskulus
levator ani menyelubungi rektum, terdiri atas musculus pubo coccygeus,
muskulus iliococcygeus, dan muskulus ischio coocygeus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Ditengah-tengah
muskulus pubococcygea kanan dan kiri ada hiatus urogenitalis merupakan
celah berbentuk segitiga. Hiatus ini di batasi sekat yang menyelubungi
pintu bawah panggul sebelah depan. Pada wanita sekai ini merupakan
tempat keluarnya uretra dan vagian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Fungsi
diafragma pelvis adalah untuk menjaga agar genitalia interna tetap pada
tempatnya. Bila muskulus ini menurun fungsinya, maka akan terjadi
prolaps atau turunnya alat genitalia interna.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
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</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Perineum </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Merupakan daerah yang menutupi pintu bawah panggul, terdiri dari :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 92.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Regio analis, sebelah belakang. Spinter ani eksterna yaitu muskulus yang mengelilingi anus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 92.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: -7.1pt 0cm 35.45pt 54.0pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Regio urugogenitalis terdiri dari atas muskulus bolbo cavernosus, ischiocavernosus dan trasversus perinei superficialis.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMTSMCvgAkPIbk4BHlEkljQWWm6sXi3zX6PSx_XEYxj49Wt-eTFtuTlHU1B8ydUmW2K_0OZgV7ek6NJ1-9HDzFKrMa1vlDZCkvCqCiZbw3jzoHaFWQLb2shGqz_-EFasKy91X3cO7ZLPSP/s1600/images+%25284%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMTSMCvgAkPIbk4BHlEkljQWWm6sXi3zX6PSx_XEYxj49Wt-eTFtuTlHU1B8ydUmW2K_0OZgV7ek6NJ1-9HDzFKrMa1vlDZCkvCqCiZbw3jzoHaFWQLb2shGqz_-EFasKy91X3cO7ZLPSP/s200/images+%25284%2529.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Gambar perineum</span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 2cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Jaringan
lunak sebelum persalinan dimulai uterus terdiri dari korpus uteri dan
serviks uteri. Saat persalinan dimulai kontraksi uterus menyebabkan
korpus uteri berubah menjadi dua bagian, yakni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bagian
atas yang tebal dan berotot dan bagian bawah yang berotot pasif dan
berdinding tipis. Suatu cincin retraksi fisiologis memisahkan kedua
segmen ini. Segmen bawah uterussecara bertahap membesar karena
mengakomodasi isi dalam rahim, sedangkan bagian atas menebal dan
kapasitas akomodasinya menurun. Kontraksi korpus uteri menyebabkan janin
tertekan kebawah, terdorong kearah serviks. Serviks kemudian menipis
dan berditalasi (terbuka) secukupnya sehingga memungkinkan bagian
pertama janin turun memasuki vagina. Dasar panggul adalah lapisan otot
yang memisahkan rongga panggul dibagian atas dari ruang perineum
dibawahnya. Struktur ini membantu janin berotasi kearah anterior saat
menuruni jalan lahir. Vagina kemudian mengembang, berditalasi untuk
mengakomodasi sehingga memungkinkan janin kedunia luar.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ8IpUr3s9bcswVRLSEQCoj50BTGyEACS8wPjzlHqg9xjNqW3KWTlSaoVcVEm52qEKqwK5KVnYq28Di7Lgi8oyVghW64C7gL0hs08TWhQzr3my1efe3x7Mjt48t_tNaFAojc64MS_VhBo0/s1600/images+%25285%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ8IpUr3s9bcswVRLSEQCoj50BTGyEACS8wPjzlHqg9xjNqW3KWTlSaoVcVEm52qEKqwK5KVnYq28Di7Lgi8oyVghW64C7gL0hs08TWhQzr3my1efe3x7Mjt48t_tNaFAojc64MS_VhBo0/s200/images+%25285%2529.jpg" width="172" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Gambar bagian lunak jalan lahir</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><br />
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">referensi :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Varney Helen, 2008. <i>Buku ajar asuhan kebidanan</i>. Jakarta : EGC</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Prawiroharjo Sarwono, 2009. Ilmu kebidanan. Jakarta : Bina Pustaka.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sumarah, 2008. <i>Perawatan ibu bersalin.</i> Yogyakarta. Fitramaya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span>Bobak, Low dermik, Jensen, 2004. <i>Buku ajar keperawatan maternitas. </i>Jakarta. EGC</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Anonim. http</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://lenteraimpian.wordpress.com/2010/02/12/faktor-faktor-yang-mempengaruhi-persalinan/"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">://lenteraimpian.wordpress.com/2010/02/12/faktor-faktor-yang-mempengaruhi-persalinan/</span></a></span></div>
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</span></div>MeviZiA 4Everhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03407554623186997634noreply@blogger.com2